Aspects of metabolism lactate

 

Aspects of metabolism lactate

Temporary anaerobic glycolysis in muscle cells

 

Here, lactate is formed from stored glycogen or blood sugar during high muscle work and limited oxygen supply and released into the environment or the blood circulation via transporters (so-called MCT transporters). By the way: The lactate formed in this way is not the cause of sore muscles. Because this is based on micro-injuries in the muscle filaments. nanobiztech

 

Formation in erythrocytes (red blood cells)

 

Erythrocytes generally turn glucose into lactate. Is also released directly into the blood via the MCT transporter and used as an energy substrate away in the body.  globalmarketingbusiness

  

Pick-up and transport

Erythrocytes and many other cell types have so-called mono-carboxylate transporters (MCT), facilitating diffusion through the membrane. Thus, B. the lactate formed in the erythrocytes leave the cell and reach other organs and tissues via the bloodstream. allinonetechs

 

Conversely, the red blood cells can also absorb lactate and themselves serve as a transport vehicle to release the resulting lactate at another point when the muscles are working hard, and oxygen is limited. The is a great mechanism to make the most of this high-energy substrate. Lactate can be used as an energy source by organs that are well supplied with oxygen, such as the heart and brain.

 

The conversion of lactate to the short-chain fatty acid butyrate by the large intestine microbiome is also possible. Butyrate is also the end product in individual dietary fibers' breakdown and is mainly used directly by the intestinal mucosa as an energy substrate. It also has a protective effect against colon cancer.

 

Since the intake and delivery via MCT transporter occur in symport with a proton (H +), there is no net acidification by lactate in the organism. Our very effective buffer systems also ensure this. Cancer cells, which ferment large amounts of sugar, are an exception. Lactic acid can accumulate locally in the surrounding tissue, damaged tissue due to the acidic effect. leadmarketingbusiness

Functions and regulatory role 

Lactate as a metabolite for the energy metabolism

 

Lactate is first oxidized to pyruvate via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This is converted to acetyl-CoA, which is the source of the citrate cycle or Krebs cycle. The "end oxidation" occurs in several sub-steps with oxygen in the mitochondria. It creates carbon dioxide and water and - most importantly - biological energy in the form of ATP. This lactate utilization is in principle possible in all cells that contain mitochondria and are adequately supplied with oxygen. It applies to organs such as the heart, liver, and brain.

 

Lactate as a metabolite for stable blood sugar levels

 

The liver uses lactate in several ways. If there is a lack of energy, lactate is oxidized in the mitochondria. If the blood sugar level is low and the glycogen stores are empty, lactate serves as a substrate for gluconeogenesis (blood sugar regeneration). The glucose formed in this way is released into the bloodstream or stored as a reserve substance in glycogen.  technologycompanians

 

Regulatory function

 

Lactate also has a regulatory function and affects immune tolerance, wound healing, and saturation. Lactate binds to specific receptors and triggers various signaling pathways in the cells [ Sun 2017 ].

 

Think out of the box

plastic

 

Polylactic acids are made up of many chemically bonded lactic acid molecules and are used as bioplastics.

 

Food manufacturing

 

The so-called malo-lactate fermentation reduces the acidity in alcoholic beverages (e.g., wine, cider, beer) by splitting off carbon dioxide. During the biological acid breakdown, malic acid (malate) is broken down into lactic acid (lactate). Bioplastics are used.

 

Laboratory diagnostics

 

In competitive sports, the lactate level's determination in whole blood is used, for example, to assess endurance performance or to monitor performance development. Also, lactate is used in diagnostics to clarify lactic acidosis (metabolic derailment).

           READ MORE:- tockhop

                                      popbom